Literature
  • 1799
  • Tableau des divisions, sous-divisions, ordres et genres des mammifères. Paris.
  • Lacour 1994
  • Demographic parameters from a 23-year breeding population of Lemur fulvus albifrons. Pp. 249-253 in Current Primatology Vol 111: Behavioural Neuroscience, Physiolosy and Reproduction. I.R. Anderson, Ill. Roeder. B. Thierry, and N. Herrenschmidt, eds. Strasbourg, University of Louis Pasteur. (ISBN 2-907531 -02-6)
  • Laidler 1980
  • The Talking Ape. Stein and Day, NY.
  • Laissue, Feremutsch 1960
  • Differences between Microcebus and man in the cortex of the forebrain. Acta anat. 41. 4:339-340.
  • Lamberton 1929
  • Sur les Archeoindris de Madagascar. C. R Acad. Sci. Paris 188: 1572-1574.
  • Lamberton 1939
  • Contributions a la Connaissance de la Faune Subfossile de Madagascar: Lémuriens et Cryptoproctes. Mem. Acad. Malg., fasc. 27.
  • Lamberton 1956
  • Examen de quelques hypotheses de Sera concernant les Lémuriens fossiles et actuels. Bull. Acad. malgache, nouv. ser. XXXIV.
  • Lamberton 1934
  • Contribution à la connaissance de la fauna subfossile de Madagascar. Lémuriens er Ratites. Mém. Acad. malgache. 17: 1-168, 43pls.
  • Lamberton 1911
  • Contribution à l'étude des moeurs sur le Aye-aye. Bull. Acad. Malg., 8: 129-140.
  • Langrand 1990
  • Guide to the Birds of Madagascar. Yale University Press, New Haven CT. 364 pp. Translated from the French by Willem Daniels.
  • Lansing 1991
  • Priests and Programmers: Technologies of Power in the Engineered Landscape of Bali. Princeton University, Princeton NJ.
  • Lanting, Eckstrom 1993
  • Forgotten Edens : Exploring The World's Wild Places. National Geographic Society, Washington DC. 202 pp.
  • Lanting 1990
  • A World Out of Time — Madagascar. Aperture, NY. 143 pp.
  • Larson 1995
  • Multiple Narratives, Gendered Voices: Remembering the Past in Highland Central Madagascar. International Journal of African Historical Studies 28(2): 295-325.
  • Larson 1996
  • Desperately seeking 'the Merina' (Central Madagascar): Reading ethnonyms and their semantic fields in African identity histories.
    J. S. Afr. Stud. 22(4): 541-560.
  • Larson 1999
  • Reconsidering trauma, identity, and the African diaspora: Enslavement and history memory in 19th-century Highland Madagascar. William Mary Quart 56: (2) 335-362.
  • Lavauden 1931
  • Un nouveau Propithèque de Madagascar P. Perrieri, sp. nov. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 193: 77.
  • Lavauden 1933
  • Le Aye-aye. La Terre et la vie, 3: 142-152.
  • Lawesson 1994
  • Some comments on the classification of African vegetation. J. Veg. Sci. 5: 441-444.
  • Le Gros Clark 1936
  • The problem of the claw in Primates. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
  • Le Gros Clark 1931
  • The brain of Microcebus murinus. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
  • Le Gros Clark 1959
  • The Antecedents of Man: An introduction to the Evolution of the Primates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Leakey, Lewin 1995
  • The Sixth Extinction: Patterns of Life and the Future of Humankind. Doubleday/Weidenfeld and Nicolson, NY. 271 pp.
  • Lebel 1937
  • Standardisation à Madagascar. Paris.
  • Leblond 1933
  • Madagascar de 1815 à 1906. In: Histoire Des Colonies Françaises Et De L'expansion De La France Dans Le Monde, Tome VII. Plon, Paris.
  • Leblond 1934
  • Madagascar, Création Française. Paris.
  • Lebon 1928
  • La Pacification de Madagascar. Paris.
  • Leclercq 1994
  • Changes in social behaviour in Hapalemur griseus (Primates, Lemuridae)after separation from a family group at the Pans Zoological Park. Folia Primatologica 62(4): 202.
  • Leclercq, Santini-Palka 1995
  • Comparative study of the feeding behaviour of two folivorous lemur species (Hapalemur simus and Hapalemur griseus) at the Zoological Park of Paris. Folia Primatologica 64(1-2): 84.
  • 1996
  • Xanthogranuloma of the choroid plexus in the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 38 (4): 349-355.
  • 1998
  • Ancestors and taxonomy. Trends Ecol. Evol. 13: 26.
  • 1989
  • Threatened Primates of Africa. IUCN Red Data Book, Gland, Swizterland.
  • Lernould, Rumpler 1988
  • Lemurs conservation: Common captive breeding and research programs. Abstract of poster presented at the 5th Conference on Breeding Endangered Species in Captivity, Cincinnati, October
  • Lernould 1996
  • A joint Franco-German-Malagasy conseervation programme for Sclater's Lemur. International Zoo News vol. 43, no. 5: 289-293.
  • Lernould, Thowenin 1992
  • Breeding, conservation and research programmes at the Mulhouse Zoo since 1978. Folia primatologica. 58(3): 171-172.
  • Leroy 1978
  • Composition, origin and affinities of the Madagascan vascular flora. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 535-589.
  • Lessnau, 1994
  • Infant transfer patterns in captive ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta). American JournaI of Primatology 33(3): 213-224.
  • Lessnau, Morland 1995
  • Release of free-ranging black and white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegara variegata) on St. Catherine's Island. American Journal of Primatology 36(2): 138.
  • Lessnau 1993
  • Infant transfer patterns in a captive group of ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Detroit ZooIogical Park. AAZPA [American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums/Regional Conference Proceedings (
  • 1840
  • Species des mammifères bimanes et quadrumanes. Paris.
  • Letellier, Petter 1961
  • Note sur un Lépilemur en captivité au Vivarium du Jardin des Plantes de Paris. Mammalia, 25: 571-572.
  • Leuzzi 1997
  • To the Young Environmentalist. New York: Franklin Watts.
  • , Pusey 1997
  • Factors influencing the occurrence of communal care in plural breeding mammals. Pp. 335-360 in Cooperative breeding in mammals. N.G. Solomon, J.A. French, (eds.) New York, Cambridge Univ Press.
  • Lewontin 1974
  • The genetic basis of evolutionary change. Columbia University Press.
  • Lhande 1932
  • Notre Epopée Missionaire: Madagascar (1832-
  • Lightoller 1934
  • The facial musculature of some lesser Primates and Tupaia. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
  • Lindburg 1980
  • The Macaques: Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution. Van Nostrand Reinhold Series on Primate Behavior and Development. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, NY.
  • 1974
  • Apes, Men, and Language. Saturday Review Press, EP Dutton and Co., Inc, NY.
  • 1986
  • Silent Partners— the Legacy of the Ape Language Experiments. Times Books, NY.
  • 1977
  • Notes on the taxonomic status and breeding of the ruffed lemur Lemur (Varecia) variegatus. Dodo 14: 65-69.
  • , Simons 1986
  • Notes on Varecia in the northern limits of its range. Dodo 23: 19-24.
  • Lindsay-Johnson 1900
  • Contribution to the comparative anatomy of the Mammalian eye chiefly based on ophthalmoscopic examination. Trans. Roy. Soc. (London), 194, pp. 1-82.
  • 1795
  • Beytrage zur Naturgeschichte. 1 pt. 2. Rostock and Leipzig.
  • 1766
  • Systema Naturae 12th edition. Salvius, Stockholm.
  • 1758
  • Systema Naturae 10th edition. Salvius, Stockholm.
  • 1933
  • The Tanala: a Hill Tribe of Madagascar. Field Museum of Natural History Anthropological Series, publication no. 317, xxii. Chicago.
  • Liotard 1947
  • La Lumière sur les Évènements de Madagascar. Tana-Journal. 71 pp.
  • Little 1884
  • Madagascar, its history and people. Wm. Blackwood & Sons; reprinted by Negro Univ. Press, Westport CN, 1970.
    [LoC Call #: DT469.M26 L7 1970].
  • Livingstone 1975
  • Late Quaternary climatic change in Africa. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 5: 249-280.
  • 1973
  • La Royauté Sakalava. Formation, Développement et Effondrement du XVIIE au XXE Siècles. ORSTOM, Tana.
  • 1986
  • Le Temps Et L'espace Dans L'idéologie Politique De La Royauté Sakalava-Menabe. Carolina Academic, Durham NC.
  • Longuefosse 1922
  • L'Antsihanaka. Région du Lac Alaotra à Madagascar, Bull. de Madagascar, p. 233-248; (1923): 111-134, 205-232; (1925): 5-47.
  • Lopes Santini 1992
  • Comportement Alimentaire et "Gestion Energetique'' Chez Trois Especes de Lemuriens Folivores (Hapalemur simus, Hapalemur griseus griseus, et Propithecus verreauxi coronarus) Au Parc Zoologique de Paris. These presentee A l'Universite Paris VII Pour ltobtention de Diplome de Doctorat.
  • Lorenz 1898
  • Säugetiere von Madagascar und Sansibar. Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 21 (3): 443-469, pls 30-33.
  • Luckett 1974
  • Comparative development and evolution of the placenta in primates. In: W.P. Luckett (ed.): Reproductive Biology of the Primates. Contrib. Primatol. 3: 142-234.
  • Lyster 1985
  • International Wildlife Law. Grotius Publications Ltd. 470 pp.