- Palaeozoic
- palatine
- palatine foramen
- Palearctic
- Paleobiology
- Paleocene
- paleoecology
- paleontology
- palmar
- Paneth cells
- Pangaea
- pantropical
- papango
- paracone
- paraconid
- Parallel evolution
- Paralogy
- Parametric statistics
- Parapatric speciation
- paraphyletic
- Paraphyletic group
- parasite
- parasitism
- paratype
- parietal bones
- Parsimony
- parthenogenesis
- pathogen
- Patristic
- PCR
- pectinate
- pediform
- Pelagic
- Pennsylvanian
- pensily
- pentadactyl
- pericentric inversion
- petrosal
- phalange
- phalangic
- pharynx
- Phenetic classification
- Phenetic species concept
- phenetic taxonomy
- Phenogram
- Phenotype
- pheromones
- Phylogenetic tree
- phylogeny
- phytal
- phytophagous
- Pic d'Ivohibe
- pigment
- pilose
- pinna
- pinocytosis
- Pirate Coast
- placenta
- planktivore
- plant
- plantar
- plantigrade
- Pleiotropy
- Pleistocene
- plesiomorphy
- Pliocene
- plumose
- poikilothermic
- polar
- Polarity
- pollen
- pollex
- pollination
- polygyny
- Polymorphic
- polyphyletic
- Polyphyletic group
- Polyploid
- pond
- pool
- population
- posteriad
- posterior
- Postzygotic isolation
- pousse-pousse
- Precision
- predator
- premaxilla
- premolar
- presphenoid
- Prezygotic isolation
- primiparous
- Principal components analysis
- Priority
- proboscis
- process
- prodrome
- progesterone
- prosimian
- protocone
- protoconid
- protoctist
- protuberance
- proximal
- Pseudo-landmark
- pterygoid
- punctate
- punctiform
- Punctuated equilibrium
- pupil
- Purine
- pygal
- Pyrimidine